Novel ecosystems are being increasingly recognised as future reality for many .if not all, of our landscapes. Understanding what novel ecosystems are, and how to manage them, or restore them to historical states is a key debate.  Cultural Landscapes, in a nomenclatural sense, are a special sub-set of sites inscribed on the World Heritage List and a concept in Landscape Ecology. It is increasingly evident that all landscapes are cultural and that the term biocultural landscape is a better descriptor. Biocultural landscapes are special and recognisable mixtures of varying forms of human intervention, and policies for managing them should be based on the mix of historical, hybrid and novel ecosystems that form the landscape in question. A key major factor in the identification and maintenance of biocultural landscapes is understanding the world views that have shaped them. Given that some biocultural landscapes are now part of the World Heritage Convention, policies for landscape management should be framed around their present and future heritage value. In the end, the key issue for the future is what policy settings are needed to ensure the survival of biocultural landscapes in the face of environmental homogenisation, as part of the general process of globalisation.